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John Kirton and Michael Malleson
July 25, 2003
Inter-summit ministerials and equivalents are meetings of G7/8 ministers or heads or equivalents from these actors (collective statements issued in the name of the G7/8, conference calls) between the end of one year’s annual summit and the start of the summit the regularly scheduled annual following year.
They can be divided into two temporal categories: Follow-up Ministerials, taking place prior to the change in the host on January 1 of the new year, can be seen primarily as following up or implementing the earlier summit, under the same host, even though they may start to prepare for the summit the following year. Lead-up ministerials, taking place after January 1, can be seen as primarily preparatory to, or otherwise connected with, the subsequent summit being held under the same national host.
The approximately annual number of such intersessional ministerials and equivalents can be taken as an indication of the institutionalization of the summit system, usually at lower levels than that of the heads but still at the political level where largely elected individuals (in parliamentary systems) gather.
Follow-up ministerials can be seen primarily as a cause of compliance with the previous summit’s commitments.
Lead-up ministerials can be seen as a cause of the subsequent summit’s success.
Both follow-up and lead-up ministerials may be seen as a component of institutional "momentum." They can be a way in which one year’s host tries to bind, and succeeds in binding, its successor host the following year.
Table A: Number of Intersessional Ministerials and Equivalents, 1975-2004
| Year |
Total
|
Lead-up
|
Follow-up
|
|
1975 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
1976 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
1977 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
1978 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
1979 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
1980 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
1981 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
1982 |
2 |
2 |
0 |
|
1983 |
4 |
2 |
2 |
|
1984 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
|
1985 |
5 |
2 |
3* |
|
1986 |
4 |
1 |
3* |
|
1987 |
6 |
3 |
4* |
|
1988 |
5 |
2 |
3* |
|
1989 |
6 |
3 |
3* |
|
1990 |
6 |
3 |
3* |
|
1991 |
6 |
3 |
3* |
|
1992 |
9 |
6 |
3* |
|
1993 |
7 |
6 |
1* |
|
1994 |
6 |
2 |
4* |
|
1995 |
13 |
6 |
7* |
|
1996 |
12 |
7 |
5* |
|
1997 |
13 |
7 |
6* |
|
1998 |
20 |
12 |
8* |
|
1999 |
17 |
11 |
6* |
|
2000 |
15 |
11 |
4* |
|
2001 |
22 |
10 |
12* |
|
2002 |
16 |
10 |
6* |
|
2003 |
11 |
8 |
3* |
|
TOTAL |
207 |
118 |
89 |
* The G8 Foreign Ministers have met annually in the fall, since 1984, in New York around the time of the opening of the United Nations General Assembly. No documents are released at these meetings, so they are not included in the raw data compiled in Table B, but they are included in the compiled data above by adding 1 to the raw data tally.
Sources:
G8 Research Group, Ministerial Meetings and Officials-Level Meetings.
Cohn, Theodore H. (2002), Governing Global Trade: International Institutions in Conflict and Convergence (Ashgate, Aldershot), Table 5.1, page 136.
Table B: List of Intersessional Meetings, 1975-2003
|
Date Meeting Adjourned |
Meeting Title |
|
Saturday, September 20, 2003 |
G7 Finance Ministers |
|
Tuesday, July 01, 2003 |
Counter-Terrorism Action Group |
|
Tuesday, June 03, 2003 |
Leaders' Summit: Evian |
|
Saturday, May 31, 2003 |
G8-EU Summit, St. Petersburg |
|
Friday, May 23, 2003 |
Foreign Ministers |
|
Saturday, May 17, 2003 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Monday, May 05, 2003 |
Justice and Interior Ministers |
|
Sunday, April 27, 2003 |
Environment Ministers |
|
Thursday, April 24, 2003 |
Development Ministers |
|
Saturday, April 12, 2003 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Saturday, February 22, 2003 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Friday, October 25, 2002 |
Foreign Ministers |
|
Friday, September 27, 2002 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Friday, September 27, 2002 |
Development Ministers |
|
Thursday, September 12, 2002 |
Foreign Ministers |
|
Thursday, August 08, 2002 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Thursday, June 27, 2002 |
Leaders' Summit: Kananaskis |
|
Saturday, June 15, 2002 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Thursday, June 13, 2002 |
Foreign Ministers |
|
Friday, May 31, 2002 |
Foreign Ministers |
|
Tuesday, May 14, 2002 |
Justice and Interior Ministers |
|
Friday, May 03, 2002 |
Energy Ministers |
|
Saturday, April 27, 2002 |
Labour Ministers |
|
Saturday, April 20, 2002 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Sunday, April 14, 2002 |
Environment Ministers |
|
Thursday, March 14, 2002 |
Health Ministers |
|
Saturday, February 09, 2002 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Friday, December 28, 2001 |
Foreign Ministers |
|
Monday, November 26, 2001 |
Foreign Ministers |
|
Wednesday, November 07, 2001 |
Health Ministers |
|
Friday, November 02, 2001 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Saturday, October 27, 2001 |
Environment Ministers |
|
Saturday, October 06, 2001 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Friday, September 28, 2001 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Tuesday, September 25, 2001 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Wednesday, September 19, 2001 |
Terrorism |
|
Wednesday, September 12, 2001 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Sunday, August 19, 2001 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Sunday, July 22, 2001 |
Leaders' Summit: Genoa |
|
Thursday, July 19, 2001 |
Foreign Ministers |
|
Saturday, July 07, 2001 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Saturday, April 28, 2001 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Monday, March 19, 2001 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Wednesday, March 14, 2001 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Friday, March 09, 2001 |
Terrorism |
|
Sunday, March 04, 2001 |
Environment Ministers |
|
Tuesday, February 27, 2001 |
Justice and Interior Ministers |
|
Saturday, February 17, 2001 |
Foreign Ministers |
|
Saturday, February 17, 2001 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Friday, December 15, 2000 |
Ad Hoc Meeting of Drug Experts |
|
Saturday, November 11, 2000 |
Labour Ministers |
|
Saturday, September 23, 2000 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Sunday, July 23, 2000 |
Leaders' Summit: Okinawa |
|
Friday, July 21, 2000 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Thursday, July 13, 2000 |
Foreign Ministers |
|
Saturday, July 08, 2000 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Wednesday, May 24, 2000 |
Senior Experts' Group on Transnational Organized Crime |
|
Wednesday, May 17, 2000 |
Ad hoc: G8 Conference On Dialogue Between the Public Authorities and Private Sector On Security and Trust In Cyberspace |
|
Sunday, April 16, 2000 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Sunday, April 09, 2000 |
Environment Ministers |
|
Sunday, April 02, 2000 |
Education Ministers |
|
Wednesday, February 09, 2000 |
Crime Ministerial Meetings |
|
Tuesday, February 01, 2000 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Saturday, January 22, 2000 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Friday, December 17, 1999 |
Foreign Ministers |
|
Thursday, November 18, 1999 |
Terrorism |
|
Wednesday, October 20, 1999 |
Crime Ministerial Meetings |
|
Saturday, September 25, 1999 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Tuesday, August 31, 1999 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Sunday, June 20, 1999 |
Leaders' Summit: Köln |
|
Sunday, June 20, 1999 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Saturday, June 12, 1999 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Thursday, June 10, 1999 |
Foreign Ministers |
|
Tuesday, June 08, 1999 |
Foreign Ministers |
|
Wednesday, May 12, 1999 |
Quad Trade Ministers |
|
Thursday, May 06, 1999 |
Foreign Ministers |
|
Monday, April 26, 1999 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Sunday, March 28, 1999 |
Environment Ministers |
|
Friday, February 26, 1999 |
Labour Ministers |
|
Saturday, February 20, 1999 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Wednesday, February 17, 1999 |
Terrorism |
|
Tuesday, December 15, 1998 |
Terrorism |
|
Thursday, November 05, 1998 |
Senior Experts' Group on Transnational Organized Crime |
|
Friday, October 30, 1998 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Saturday, October 03, 1998 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Thursday, September 24, 1998 |
Foreign Ministers |
|
Monday, September 14, 1998 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Friday, June 12, 1998 |
Foreign Ministers |
|
Sunday, May 17, 1998 |
Leaders' Summit: Birmingham |
|
Friday, May 15, 1998 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Saturday, May 09, 1998 |
Foreign Ministers |
|
Saturday, May 09, 1998 |
Foreign Ministers |
|
Saturday, May 09, 1998 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Saturday, May 09, 1998 |
Ad hoc: Finance and Foreign Ministers Pre Summit |
|
Thursday, April 30, 1998 |
Quad Trade Ministers |
|
Wednesday, April 15, 1998 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Sunday, April 05, 1998 |
Environment Ministers |
|
Wednesday, April 01, 1998 |
Energy Ministers |
|
Friday, March 06, 1998 |
Terrorism |
|
Sunday, February 22, 1998 |
Employment Ministers |
|
Saturday, February 21, 1998 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Wednesday, December 24, 1997 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Wednesday, December 10, 1997 |
Justice and Interior Ministers |
|
Saturday, November 29, 1997 |
Employment Ministers |
|
Saturday, September 20, 1997 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Monday, September 01, 1997 |
Foreign Ministers |
|
Sunday, June 22, 1997 |
Leaders' Summit: Denver |
|
Tuesday, May 06, 1997 |
Environment Ministers |
|
Friday, May 02, 1997 |
Quad Trade Ministers |
|
Sunday, April 27, 1997 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Friday, April 18, 1997 |
Senior Experts' Group on Transnational Organized Crime |
|
Tuesday, April 15, 1997 |
Terrorism |
|
Wednesday, April 09, 1997 |
Ad hoc: Global Marketplace for Small and Medium-size Enterprises |
|
Saturday, February 08, 1997 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Friday, November 01, 1996 |
Terrorism |
|
Saturday, September 28, 1996 |
Quad Trade Ministers |
|
Sunday, September 01, 1996 |
Foreign Ministers |
|
Tuesday, July 30, 1996 |
Terrorism |
|
Saturday, June 29, 1996 |
Leaders' Summit: Lyon |
|
Friday, June 28, 1996 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Tuesday, May 21, 1996 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Friday, May 10, 1996 |
Environment Ministers |
|
Monday, April 22, 1996 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Sunday, April 21, 1996 |
Quad Trade Ministers |
|
Friday, April 12, 1996 |
Senior Experts' Group on Transnational Organized Crime |
|
Tuesday, April 02, 1996 |
Employment Ministers |
|
Tuesday, December 12, 1995 |
Terrorism |
|
Saturday, November 11, 1995 |
Foreign Ministers |
|
Saturday, October 21, 1995 |
Quad Trade Ministers |
|
Saturday, October 14, 1995 |
Senior Experts' Group on Transnational Organized Crime |
|
Saturday, October 07, 1995 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Sunday, October 01, 1995 |
Foreign Ministers |
|
Saturday, June 17, 1995 |
Leaders' Summit: Halifax |
|
Friday, May 05, 1995 |
Quad Trade Ministers |
|
Monday, May 01, 1995 |
Environment Ministers |
|
Tuesday, April 25, 1995 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Monday, April 24, 1995 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Sunday, February 26, 1995 |
Information Ministers |
|
Saturday, February 04, 1995 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Thursday, October 27, 1994 |
Ad hoc: Aid to Ukraine |
|
Thursday, October 06, 1994 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Sunday, September 11, 1994 |
Quad Trade Ministers |
|
Sunday, July 10, 1994 |
Leaders' Summit: Naples |
|
Tuesday, March 15, 1994 |
Employment Ministers |
|
Sunday, March 13, 1994 |
Environment Ministers |
|
Friday, July 09, 1993 |
Leaders' Summit: Tokyo |
|
Thursday, July 08, 1993 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Thursday, June 24, 1993 |
Quad Trade Ministers |
|
Wednesday, June 02, 1993 |
Quad Trade Ministers |
|
Friday, May 14, 1993 |
Quad Trade Ministers |
|
Thursday, April 29, 1993 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Thursday, April 15, 1993 |
Ad hoc: Aid to Russia |
|
Sunday, October 18, 1992 |
Quad Trade Ministers |
|
Saturday, September 19, 1992 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Wednesday, July 08, 1992 |
Leaders' Summit: Munich |
|
Monday, June 01, 1992 |
Environment Ministers |
|
Sunday, April 26, 1992 |
Quad Trade Ministers |
|
Sunday, April 26, 1992 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Sunday, April 26, 1992 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Wednesday, April 01, 1992 |
Environment Ministers |
|
Saturday, January 25, 1992 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Saturday, October 12, 1991 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Saturday, September 14, 1991 |
Quad Trade Ministers |
|
Wednesday, July 17, 1991 |
Leaders' Summit: London |
|
Sunday, April 28, 1991 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Sunday, April 21, 1991 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Sunday, January 20, 1991 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Saturday, October 13, 1990 |
Quad Trade Ministers |
|
Saturday, September 22, 1990 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Wednesday, July 11, 1990 |
Leaders' Summit: Houston |
|
Sunday, May 06, 1990 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Friday, May 04, 1990 |
Quad Trade Ministers |
|
Saturday, April 07, 1990 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Tuesday, November 14, 1989 |
Quad Trade Ministers |
|
Saturday, September 23, 1989 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Sunday, July 16, 1989 |
Leaders' Summit: Paris |
|
Sunday, June 04, 1989 |
Quad Trade Ministers |
|
Sunday, April 02, 1989 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Saturday, September 24, 1988 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Friday, June 24, 1988 |
Quad Trade Ministers |
|
Tuesday, June 21, 1988 |
Leaders' Summit: Toronto |
|
Sunday, April 17, 1988 |
Quad Trade Ministers |
|
Wednesday, April 13, 1988 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Tuesday, December 22, 1987 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Saturday, September 26, 1987 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Wednesday, June 10, 1987 |
Leaders' Summit: Venice |
|
Sunday, April 26, 1987 |
Quad Trade Ministers |
|
Wednesday, April 08, 1987 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Sunday, February 22, 1987 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Saturday, September 27, 1986 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Sunday, September 07, 1986 |
Quad Trade Ministers |
|
Tuesday, May 06, 1986 |
Leaders' Summit: Tokyo |
|
Sunday, January 19, 1986 |
Quad Trade Ministers |
|
Sunday, September 22, 1985 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Sunday, July 14, 1985 |
Quad Trade Ministers |
|
Saturday, May 04, 1985 |
Leaders' Summit: Bonn |
|
Monday, February 11, 1985 |
Quad Trade Ministers |
|
Thursday, January 17, 1985 |
Finance Ministers / Central Bank Governors |
|
Saturday, June 30, 1984 |
Quad Trade Ministers |
|
Saturday, June 09, 1984 |
Leaders' Summit: London |
|
Saturday, February 04, 1984 |
Quad Trade Ministers |
|
Tuesday, September 27, 1983 |
Quad Trade Ministers |
|
Sunday, July 17, 1983 |
Quad Trade Ministers |
|
Monday, May 30, 1983 |
Leaders' Summit: Williamsburg |
|
Friday, April 29, 1983 |
Quad Trade Ministers |
|
Friday, February 11, 1983 |
Quad Trade Ministers |
|
Sunday, June 06, 1982 |
Leaders' Summit: Versailles |
|
Thursday, May 13, 1982 |
Quad Trade Ministers |
|
Saturday, January 16, 1982 |
Quad Trade Ministers |
|
Tuesday, July 21, 1981 |
Leaders' Summit: Ottawa |
|
Monday, June 23, 1980 |
Leaders' Summit: Venice |
|
Friday, June 29, 1979 |
Leaders' Summit: Tokyo |
|
Monday, July 17, 1978 |
Leaders' Summit: Bonn |
|
Sunday, May 08, 1977 |
Leaders' Summit: London |
|
Monday, June 28, 1976 |
Leaders' Summit: Puerto |
|
Monday, November 17, 1975 |
Leaders' Summit: Rambouillet |
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